Tuesday, 22 March 2016

Trends in media

Threats/ changes within the film industry: 


  • YouTube
  • On-flight movies
  • Netflix
  • Apple tv
  • Smartphones
  • 3D
  • Piracy (putlocker)
  • Drones (birds eye view)
  • High frame rates
  • CGI
  • 4D
  • IMAX
  • On-demand services 
Personal media consumptions:
  • In 2016 I have watched about 4 films at the cinema
  • Others ways in which I consume film media include- Netlix and on-demand services. 
  • My perspective of piracy is that it is basically stealing however I would rather not go to the cinema to watch films because it is far too overpriced.
  • I have not been to IMAX
  • I would watch a big blockbuster in the cinema and not wait for it to be released on DVD.

Tuesday, 15 March 2016

Technology Essay


"The increase in hardware and content in media industries has been significant in recent years. Discuss the effect this has had on institutions and audiences in the media area you have studied."


Over recent years different technologies have resulted in the decline of sales in institutions such as cinemas. Hardware can be defined as the equipment used to produce a film, IMAX has recently become a major influence on the film industry. The usual digital film uses a conventional 33mm film limited to 6k lines, IMAX however uses around 18k lines which results in a higher resolution and therefore is more expensive to put on and watch. 

With the development in new technologies such as the iPhone becoming so widely available, it has made it easier for independent films to make their way into the industry. The film 'tangerine' won best film at the sun dance film festival, this was filmed using just an iPhone. With the quality of hand held cameras being so advanced it has resulted in independent film companies being able to create high quality films without paying thousands on camera equipment.

As well as new technology becoming a factor to effect media industries, streaming sites,such as Netflix, have had a huge effect. Netflix is a site that allows you to watch unlimited films and shows for just £6.99 a month. This means that people are less willing to pay for a cinema ticket or dvd when they. can watch it wherever they are for a much smaller price. As well as streaming sites, piracy copies of films have become more and more common. The film 'wolf of wall street' made a mere $392 million at the box office when it came out, even though it was a highly anticipated film. So why was this? Well, just before the film came out at cinemas, someone leaked the film and millions watched it before it was released. If this continues, Hollywood will make less and less for each film produced and therefore we could see a decline in films released by the big 6 companies. 

There are however many ways in which piracy is being overcome. The first of which is to have a common release date, this is where a film is released on the same day across the world, the hope is that everyone will watch the film in the same period of time and will not have to watched a piracy copy in order to be one of the first to see it. There will also be a phasing out of DVDs, this means that eventually DVDs will beck e very rare and the only way someone can view a film is to see it when it comes out. 

Over the years cinema attendance has gone down, in 2011 just 200 million people visited cinemas across the uk in one year. This contrasts with 1600 million people who visited the cinema across the country In the 1950s. The reason for this decrease is that people feel they can get the same experience as watching the DVD at home then they can watching it at a cinema. To get more people to come to the cinema, 3D and 4D screenings are more and more common. With 3D films you have to watch them at the cinema, there is no way you can watch them at home. These films will be more expensive to make however with the amount people going to watch the film it will not be a loss. 4D specialised cinemas are becoming more and more popular, these are cinemas that show films with the whole experience, this may involve moving chairs or air blowing through the cinema. Both of these ideas have the effect that you can only watch it at the cinema, therefore piracy will be unaffective for these films. 

Independent films are the most effected by new technological developments. For example, new media platforms such as YouTube or Twitter allow for advertising of their company and films to be more available to them at a much lower cost. All they have to do is upload a clip of their film to YouTube and promote it on face book and Twitter and the word has spread about this new film. However, what the independent films will it be able to do, unlike films produced by the big six, is get widely spread advertising on to. For example, Walt Disney also owns ESPN therefore when a new film comes out they can advertise it whenever they want on that media platform and will gain a bigger more diverse audience for their film. 

To conclude, the increase in hardware and content in media has led to a decrease in cinema attendance, a rise in popularity of screening sites and a boost in the independent film companies. Looking forward, if the media industry is to carry on as it is, the big six companies will soon crash and be over powered by streaming services and the concept of a cinema will no longer exist. 

Audiences and Institutions (technology)

New technologies that have impacted on the UK and Hollywood Film industry:

  • Netflix 
  • Cinemas
  • Green screen
  • Animation
  • CGI
  • 3D/4D
  • DSLR
  • Ariel shots
  • Drones
  • Smart phones/tablets easily accessible to films.

What is an IMAX film?

IMAX stands for image maximum, it is a motion picture film format. Conventional 35 mm film limited to 6K lines of horizontal resolution, IMAX-format film frame produces approximately 18 thousand lines (18K) of horizontal resolution, IMAX brings higher viewing quality to the audience but requires 65 mm film.


•January, 2016, there were 1061 IMAX theatres in 67 countries.

•The UK continues to be a rapid growth market for IMAX, second in Europe behind Russia (screendailey.com)

•UK currently own 30 IMAX theatres
Is piracy theft? 
I think it is theft because the producers are not getting the money they deserve for making the film, however so many people  do it and the film industry as become so expensive that its kind of the only way that some people can watch them. Also the film is still getting viewed and will get spoken about. 

Independent films are effected more by piracy than the big 6 as the film companies are losing money which they never had in the first place. 



Tuesday, 8 March 2016

Institutions Essay

"Media production is dominated by global institutions, which sell their services and products, to national audiences." To what extent do you agree with this statement? 

I strongly agree with this statement. The big 6 companies who have control over media distributions include; Sony, Paramount, 20th Century Fox, Warner Brothers, Universal and Walt Disney. These six companies have the power and resources which other, independent films, do not have. In 1983 90% of American media was owned by 50 companies. In 2011, the same 90% was owned by 6 big companies.

Disney is a corporation that is horizontally and vertically integrated. This means *insert definition of horizontally and vertically integrated*.  Lets look at The Lion King as an example, Disney produced the film which generated a huge consumer market. To enhance the audience, merchandise was produced including, toys, video games, soundtracks and eventually a musical. Even to this date, 22 years later a spin off television programme has been produced.

The reason that these big companies have brought in to mega-franchises,such as Star Wars, is because they create lots of money. The newest Star Wars conjured $4 billion at the box office, thats a $2 billion profit! Walt Disney Studios, the creators of Star Wars


DISNEY





Beauty and the Beast the musical
Soundtrack
Video
New film 2017




WHAT IS A MEGA-FRANCHISE?
The traditional format of a high profile movie franchise involves a simple linear structure. There is a first movie, which introduces the characters, and perhaps could be an origin story of how a superhero gets his/her powers. This first movie ends with the character relatively comfortable in his/her environment, but also sets up any potential tension which could appear in a possible sequel (Batman Begins, The Matrix, you can think of many more). If the film does well financially, further movies are scheduled. Movie II will run with what was set up at the end of the first movie, and will often be a much darker story, putting the protagonist through a whole lot of grief, leaving him/her torn emotionally, and these issues are resolved in Movie III, which wraps up the Traditional Movie Trilogy, the benchmark of cinematic franchises. By this time, half a decade has passed in our world, and the stars of the movies, who were cast years back as relative unknowns, will now cost a whole lot more to resign for further deals, and anyway, the story arc that the moviemakers have been working towards is complete, so why do more movies? Unfortunately the Hollywood system demands more of everything that makes money, so the time comes for a reboot. This is the traditional life-cycle of a Hollywood movie franchise (Batman, Spider-Man, Fantastic Four), and when we think about it, it is perfectly linear: each movie in the trilogy goes in one direction, moving the story along towards the inevitable climax at the end of the third movie.

Hollywood have changed to mega-franchise movies so that they can expand their target audience and promote all merchandise which comes from the film.


Sequels are very important to the hollywood film industry because 

Indiana Jones Franchise:
  • 4 films
  • comic book series
  • novels
  • television series
  • video games
  • attractions at 5 different theme parks
  • wide range of toys
  • a pinball machine 



Tuesday, 1 March 2016

Star Wars: Force Awakens




Distributor:  Walt Disney pictures

Production: LucasFilm LTD
                   Bad robot productions

Budget: $200 million to make the film, it cost disney $4 million to buy Star Wars from LucasFilm LTD

Genre: Sci-fy fantasy

Target Audience: Teens+, mainly male audience. 12A

Independent or conglomerate: Conglomerate

Horizontal integrated structure: Walt Disney owns many studio entertainment, consumer product companies and media networks.

Vertical integration: Walt Disney plans, produces, advertises, and distributes all its products on its own.

Box Office return: $2.028 billion


17,000 tweets per minute about the film after the trailer was released.
- connected with existing fan base
- use of networking
- cast used to promote film
- vertically integrated, trailer shown throughout Super Bowl (ESPN)

Nov 28, 2014 teaser trailer
April 16, 2015 official trailer
Jul 10, 2015 Comic-con

130 million views of trailer in one weekend of release.

Disney leveraged its links with ABC and ESPN to promote the new film but advertising it on their channels.
Cross media marketing- magazine covers (vanity fair), merchandise (made $5 million)





Ill manors




From looking at the trailer, I can suggest that the film is about a group of young teenagers living in urban London, who are less well off then others. It looks to be set on a council estate and centres around troubled teens with acts of drug abuse, violence and crime.

Production:
Distributor:
Revolver Entertainment

Budget: £100,000

Genre: crime, drama

Target audience: 18, London/ English

Independent or conglomerate: Independent

Box office returns: £715,000

ill manors is a film written and produced by Plan B. He used this as an essential marketing tool alongside his album, he did this by basing his music and film around the same themes. Plan B also links the film with his music by the film focusing on 8 core characters and their circles of violence as they struggle to survive on the streets, each story links with one another and each story can be represented by one of his rap songs. The production company that worked alongside Plan B to create this was BBC films, a large british production company who have also produced films such as 'street dance 3' 'an education' and 'fish tank'. BBC films helped finance the film to a budget of £100,000 which is considered very low compared to a film produced in the USA.

It was released on DVD, Blue Ray, download and on-demand from 8th october 2012. DVD contained footage which was not broadcasted in cinemas which meant that people who had seen the film in cinemas would still want to buy the DVD as well as it has some extras.

Released as a CD soundtrack to the film of the same name, "Plan B's ill manors" album went straight to no.1 in the official UK album charts upon release in july 2012. This was massive help to the publicity and advertising strategy.

It was released in US at the Sundance film festival and shown at the Greater Manchester film festival- non traditional routes that independent films have to take to create awareness.

ill manors got a relatively wide release from the independent distributor Revolver. The initial release was successful with other £250,000 taken during the first weekend from 191 cinema box offices. In week 2, the number of cinemas fell to 83 and the screen average fell by 65%. Thus us nit similar to Skyfall will did not fall as drastically. This is very telling and could be read in several ways. Revolver may have concluded that an initial release to capitalise on the strong profile of Plan B would need to go wide first but that most of the audience would get to see it via DVD and online later. But it also looks like word of mouth was not strong.

Drew said that his target audience was the 15-25 group. In that sense, it has done no favours by presenting a title which the BBFC deemed worthy of an '18' certificate- certainly for the 'bad language' as well as the drug scenes and extreme violence. It may lose under 18 audience because of this, which would mean the film wouldn't make as much money.

Posters were first advertised on 8th may 2012. It was advertised in Empire magazine website. Following this was the premiere. There were around 8 different posters for the film. The trailer was released in May 2012. The premiere was visited by many British recording artists such as, Alexandra Burke, Alisha Dixon, Professor green and ed sheeran.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         




Walt Disney Corporation